What is the effect of standard international rules on ocean carriers and shippers?

The correct choice accurately reflects that standard international rules governing ocean carriers and shippers are mandatory and cannot be altered. These rules, established by international conventions such as the Hague-Visby Rules and the Hamburg Rules, create a legal framework that all parties must adhere to. This mandatory nature ensures that certain rights and responsibilities are upheld, providing protection and clarity in maritime shipping practices.

These regulations help maintain a level of consistency and reliability in international shipping, ensuring that both carriers and shippers understand their obligations and the standards that must be met during the transport of goods. The fact that these rules are mandatory helps prevent arbitrary changes that could lead to unfair practices or legal disputes.

Regarding the other options, they do not accurately reflect the binding nature of these international rules. The idea that rules can be amended freely contradicts their established status, while the notion that they apply only in specific regions limits their scope as they are designed to be universally applicable across international waters. Lastly, describing them as merely advisory undermines their enforceability and the legal consequences of non-compliance, which can be significant in international trade.