Are ocean carriers and shippers allowed to change standard international rules governing conditions of service?

The correct response to the question about whether ocean carriers and shippers can change standard international rules governing conditions of service is that these rules always apply. Standard international rules are established to maintain a level of consistency and predictability in how shipping operations are conducted globally. These rules are typically grounded in international treaties and regulations, ensuring that all parties in shipping transactions adhere to established guidelines.

Letting carriers and shippers change these rules entirely at their discretion would undermine the stability and reliability that these regulations afford the international shipping community. While there may be some flexibility within specific contracts or agreements negotiated between parties, the overarching standard regulations serve as a baseline that cannot be disregarded. This ensures fair treatment, legal protection, and a framework for resolving disputes, which benefits all stakeholders involved in international shipping.

Options that suggest the possibility of unilateral change, mutual agreement, or limited modification to the rules do not align with the general principle that these standard rules maintain their applicability across situations, providing a consistent legal and operational standard for all parties involved in international commerce.